The ISO standard for measuring resolution of “electronic still imaging”" cameras is 12233, available only from the International Standards Organization for only 116 Swiss Francs (about $US93 as of this writing) and under copyright protection. But the design of the test chart seems not to be protected; its description has been available on the Web in an Excel spreadsheet. I have semi-manually converted this to an Adobe Illustrator file which is displayed here.
Click here for a printable PDF version. The size is 15.75×8.45 inches (400×240mm); you will probably have to resize to fit your printer.
In principle, you should be able to print this chart and perform resolution tests on your camera. The reality isn't that simple; there are lots of subtleties having to do with focus distance, quality and contrast of your printer, evenness of illumination, surface reflections, etc.
It seems that most folks, for example Imaging Resource, use this chart for visual assessment of resolution, but it's designed to do more. See those funny crooked “H”" shapes and squares? These provide data for computational analysis of resolution; tools are available at this site to perform this analysis; for more information, see this page. There is at least one company selling a low-cost (<$US100) kit for measuring resolution by means of this slanted-edge technique. For more info, I suggest a Google search or the Wikipedia article on optical resolution.
I have tried to reproduce the ISO standard test chart using the official ISO data, but neither I nor Cornell University guarantees compliance with ISO 12233 or any other standard, nor do we take any responsibility for the quality of results based on this chart.